"BARBARIAN" IMITATIONS OF ROMAN COINS
    On the periphery of the culture centers of the world were and are other groups of people who self-consciously cannot cut that particular mustard.  This was true back then and it is true today.  We call those places "backward" and "underdeveloped" now.  The ancient "civilized" peoples called the outsiders "barbarians."  Well, the "barbarians" imitated some aspects of the "more developed" cultures at the same time as they resented and occasionally attacked them.  One of the things that they picked up back then was the idea of coinage.  They still do this: software piracy, fashion knockoffs, locally manufactured AK47s.

ROMAN EMPIRE, barbarous imitation, 24mm bronze as, bust of Augustus R, traces of legend / fragmentary "legend" in wreath, aG $17.00
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GAUL, 4th c. AD, copper "barbarous radiate" imitating Tetricus, etc., bearded bust R / standing female, VF $21.00 sold 1/12/2008
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ROMAN EMPIRE, barbarous imitation, 12mm bronze, SRo-3890v, helmeted bust R, CONSTA'TE.. / Victory L in "galley," TE', VF $22.00
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ROMAN EMPIRE, barbarous imitation, 9mm bronze, bust R, no legend / cross, no legend, VF $13.00
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BYZANTINE:
1) I wrote: This coin is obviously overstruck on something, apparently on a planchet that was cut in half, more or less, and note the mirror image officina and the "what mint is that?" below the "M."  Obviously "barbarous," and in the context of the time and place has to be Arab.  My references are Walker and Mitchiner, hopeless.  Can someone help?  Provide a reasonable attribution and you get first crack at it if you want it.
2) A client wrote: That misshapen follis is most probably Byzantine, reign of Heraclius, mint Thessalonica. Thessalonican mm at that time was either TES or QEC. TES in this case.  Cannot read the date but such barbarous looking overstrikes are well known from
the second decade of the seventh century. Lettering often crude, illiterate and incomplete.  The people would be Heraclius & Heraclius Constantine. Probably overstruck on a piece of Phocas.  Wish it were Arab; then I'd get in line for it.  Some say the Empire was devasted about that time by bubonic plague. But who really knows why it is so badly done?
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